2017 TaoTao 50 replace air filter

The new filter allowing more air into the motor throwing off the air to fuel mix ratio you can either adjust the carb or put the factory filter on

Clean the carb, gas tank and fuel line (s). Replace air filter with a new one, I wouldn't recommend that you run it without the filter because that allows dirt and grass debri to enter the carb, fuel line and gas tank.
Replace the plug with a new one that is recommended for your engine.
Check oil level.

Other option is lawn mower repair shop....

Hope this helps, I had the same problem.

My 2012 Taotao 49cc scooter was spitting and sputtering then just died one day. I brought to a small engine repair person and come to find out, the hoses that came off the carb had cracks in them. Changed the hoses and the problem went away. Hope this helps.. I have since replaced the cheap hoses with new ones from the auto parts store and never had the problem again.

At this point, you are probably better off bringing it in under waranty because if its evident you messed with it, they might try to void your waranty. Thayt being said, have you tried running it with the gas cap removed? If the cap is bad it can create a partial vacuum in the tank and produce the symptoms you describe.