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No one will tell you exactly. There could be several variants, you have to disassemble the device and look at it. Maybe there is something wrong with the circuit board, or with the contacts, or the laser transmitter has burned out and needs to be replaced.
There are detailed instructions in your users manual on how to check and adjust your Topcon laser. You'll need a tripod, 2 vertical surfaces about 50 meters apart and your laser receiver. It's done by marking positions of the beams, on the different surfaces and then adjusting your laser position to the center of the different positions.
The procedure is different for different models, but i have attached some pictures from the manual for the RL-VH4 series.
Take this to a survey/laser repair shop, preferably one that does not charge for estimates.. The laser diodes on the RL-H3C is not serviceable. It requires the lens barrel assembly (or telescope tube unit, i don't remember what they call it in these). It's unreasonably expensive, and will likely be a write off. It may however be the main circuit board, but likely not. Be prepared to replace this unit.
Likely it's dirty battery contacts. Clean the contacts on the battery tray, and the coil springs in the laser, and it should start.
If not open the laser, reinsert the battery tray with good batteries and test the voltage at the battery connector at the rear of the laser.
Check for signs of water damage or corrosion.
short out the power switch, to make sure it's not the problem.
The switch circuit board, power connectors, battery tray, and motors are the only electronic parts still available for these lasers, and that is only because they share them with the RL-H3A, which was only discontinued in 2011. If none of the above will make it turn on, you'd need to find used parts, and try and rebuild it.
I have one of this model too and have the same problem. It spin and spin but won't level. After a couple of minutes it stops and the power led fast blink.
Sound like the laser diode is failing. It's power is likely just strong enough to get the level position right, then dims as it runs. The unit, no longer seeing the laser, decides it's out of level and stops. Or the oil in the compensator is leaking, and the same process is happening. Unfortunately the replacement part is not economical to replace.
It's likely leveled past it's leveling limit. You can try pulling out the 4 screws holding the bottom out, and very carefully opening the bottom of the laser. The main circuit board is attached to the base, so do not pull apart hard or too far. Next mark all the connectors on the board, and what wires go to them, and pull them all out. Remove the bottom completely and you should see the leveling assembly. Move the gears so the leveling system is more centered. Put it back together and test. If it doesn't work then you have something mechanically out of alignment or electronic values have messed up, and you have have to bring it somewhere for repair.
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