Hi Domingos,
Don't worry for your English, I'm french and mine is not so good...
The first component seems to be a diode : what is its indication near it on the mobo ("Dxxx" or "PDxxx" or what else) ? Check its resistance in both direction.
I don't recognize any fuse, and the orther picture is too far (components are too small), but you should look for indication like "Fxxx" or "PFxxx" or "FUxxx". Sometimes, fuses look like green resistor (flat and rectangular) with a cross on it like X. Just behind the diode it's a resistor because there is "R010" on it. However, check its resistance to be sure it isn't grilled.
When you put the power on the mobo, do you find voltage beetwin ground and positive pole of components ?
May be you could resend picture of the other side but nearer.
Hoping this help you...
FM.